The Role of Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder

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Michael is Health Services’ new clinical case manager, connecting students to Health Services related resources in the community. Michael is an Associate Clinical Social Worker and proud North County San Diego native who attained his Master’s of Social Work (MSW) at California State University San Marcos. As a second-generation Vietnamese-American, Michael's personal journey as a child of refugees during the Vietnamese diaspora has enriched his perspective with cultural humility, fostering inclusivity, and emphasizing the inherent dignity and worth of every individual. With over 3 years of hands-on case management experience in San Diego County's Child & Family Well-Being Department, Michael served as an Emergency Response Social Worker. In this role, he assessed safety, responded to crises, and facilitated connections to a plethora of community resources for families in need.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) may present many overwhelming life challenges for individuals as it may be chronic with recurrent relapses ultimately affecting multiple facets of a person’s life. Symptoms may include taking opioids in large amounts or over a longer period than intended, unsuccessful efforts control opioid use, strong desire to use, and difficulty completing daily responsibilities (such as work or school) due to opioid use. Examples of opioids include drugs such as: morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone and fentanyl.

The most current and researched treatment for OUD is Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT). MAT is a comprehensive approach that combines both medications with counseling/therapy to address substance use disorders.

What is Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)? Medication-Assisted Treatment involves the use of FDA approved medications in combination with counseling/therapeutic interventions. MAT has been found to be particularly effective in addressing both opioid and alcohol use disorders. The medications used, such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, work to normalize brain chemistry, alleviate cravings, and block the euphoric effects of substances.

What does it look like? MAT begins with a thorough assessment, considering the individual's unique history, health, and substance use patterns. Clinicians work collaboratively with clients to create personalized treatment plans that integrate medications as part of a holistic approach to recovery.

Integration with Counseling and Therapeutic Modalities: MAT is most effective when integrated with counseling and behavioral therapies which complement the medication component by addressing underlying issues, building coping skills, and fostering a mindset conducive to long-term recovery. Therapy is meant to be an essential component that works hand-in-hand with medication management.

Reducing Cravings and Preventing Relapse: One of the key benefits of MAT is its ability to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, which are often significant barriers to sustained recovery. The medication may help stabilize brain chemistry and support individuals in focusing on their treatment and lowering their risk of relapse.

Promoting Long-Term Recovery and Reintegration: MAT is oftentimes used as a longer-term treatment method. As individuals progress in their treatment, the dosage and intensity of medications may be adjusted accordingly. The goal is to support clients in achieving sustained recovery and improving their quality of life.

Stigmatization of MAT: One of the challenges faced by MAT is the stigma surrounding the use of medications in recovery. Although stigmatized, it is important to acknowledge that MAT is an evidence-based approach which has and continues to be researched. Medications used in MAT are prescribed and monitored by healthcare professionals, contributing to the overall well-being of individuals seeking recovery.

Potential Risks and Considerations: While MAT has the potential to be effective, there are also inherent risks associated with this form of treatment. Key considerations include:

  • Dependency Concerns: Some medications used in MAT, such as methadone, may carry a risk of physical dependency. Medications are monitored by health professionals to mitigate this risk which may include gradual tapering strategies.
  • Side Effects: Like most medication, those used in MAT may have side effects. Clinicians work closely with individuals to manage side effects and adjust medications as needed.
  • Stigma and Misconceptions: MAT may be stigmatized, and individuals may face societal biases or internalized stigma. Addressing misconceptions about the use of medications in recovery is crucial to creating a supportive environment for those seeking MAT.
  • Risk of Misuse: Medications used in MAT may have the potential for misuse. In order to mitigate this risk, monitoring and adherence to prescribed protocols may be needed.
  • Individual Variability in Treatment Response: Not everyone responds positively to medication and there remains space for alternative approaches for certain individuals.

Conclusively, Medication-Assisted Treatment is the leading treatment for Opioid Use Disorder and stands as a scientifically backed approach that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction.

For more information, questions, and support, please call us at Health Services at 760-795-6675, email us at mccshs@miracosta.edu, or stop by room 3326 in Oceanside or 917 at San Elijo. We offer 6 free sessions and drop-in appointments during the semester and breaks for enrolled students.

If you or someone you know is seeking substance use treatment or further information, please call the confidential SAMHSA National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357.

Resources in North County San Diego:

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